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More auto parts & accessories musical instruments & accessories office supplies consumer reports shopping guides mysimon shopping picks most popular products top searches all categories home health and beauty nutrition compare prices for now foods psyllium husk fiber orange - flavored net wt 12 oz now foods psyllium husk fiber orange - flavored net wt 12 oz price range: - product rating: psyllium is a true dietary fiber, even though it is classified by some as a laxative or mucilaginous fiber, and is a convenient way to increase intake of dietary fiber because of its high mucilage content 2: 25 FILARIAL AND OR HOOKWORM CO-INFECTION WITH MYCOBACTERIA: INFLUENCE OF HELMINTH INFECTION ON HOST RESPONSE TO M. TUBERCULOSIS Thomas B. Nutman. INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Abbreviations General. Abbreviations should be used as an aid to the reader, rather than as a convenience for the author, and therefore their use should be limited. Abbreviations other than those recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 1978 ; should be used only when a case can be made for necessity, such as in tables and figures. It is often possible to use pronouns or to paraphrase a long word after its first use e.g., "the drug, " "the substrate" ; . Standard chemical symbols and trivial names or their symbols folate, Ala, Leu, etc. ; may be used for terms that appear in full in the neighboring text. It is strongly recommended that all abbreviations except those listed below be introduced in the first paragraph in Materials and Methods. Alternatively, define each abbreviation and introduce it in parentheses the first time it is used; e.g., "cultures were grown in Eagle minimal essential medium MEM ; ." Generally, eliminate abbreviations that are not used at least five times in the text including tables and figure legends ; . Not requiring introduction. In addition to abbreviations for standard units of measurement and chemical symbols of the elements, the following should be used without definition in the title, abstract, text, figure legends, and tables: DNA deoxyribonucleic acid cDNA complementary DNA RNA ribonucleic acid cRNA complementary RNA RNase ribonuclease DNase deoxyribonuclease rRNA ribosomal RNA mRNA messenger RNA tRNA transfer RNA AMP, ADP, ATP, dAMP, ddATP, GTP, etc. for the respective 5' phosphates of adenosine or other nucleosides ; add 2'-, 3'-, or 5'- when needed for contrast ATPase, dGTPase, etc. adenoconcn concentration ; diam diameter ; expt experiment ; exptl experimental ; ht height ; mo month ; mol wt molecular weight ; no. number ; prepn preparation ; SD standard deviation ; sp act specific activity ; sp gr specific gravity ; temp temperature ; tr trace ; vol volume ; vs versus ; wk week ; wt weight ; yr year.
20 319 water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids including, but not limited to agar, alginic acid, calcium polycarbophil, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, carrageenan, chondrus, glucomannan b-1, 4 linked ; polymannose acetate ; , guar gum, karaya gum, kelp, methylcellulose, plantago seed psyllium ; , polycarbophil tragacanth, and xanthan gum ; as active ingredients; required warnings and directions.

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Table 3 Distribution in living situation * throughout the study of the patients who had an independent living situation pre-fracture; values are given as percentages. Week Situation All patients hGH n 27 ; Placebo n 43 ; , 75 years hGH n 11 ; Placebo n 19 ; years hGH n 16 ; Placebo n 24 ; Independent Dependent Hospital Independent Dependent Hospital Independent Dependent Hospital Independent Dependent Hospital Independent Dependent Hospital Independent Dependent Hospital Baseline 100.0 0 0 100.0 0 0 100.0 0 0 100.0 0 0 100.0 0 0 100.0 0 0 2 22.2 0 77.8 25.6 11.6 0 72.7 42.1 5.3 0 81.3 12.5 16.7 0 62.5 37.5 0 45.8 8.4 0 79.1 18.6 2.3 0 100 0 0 93.8 6.2 0 62.5 33.3 4.2 0 54.5 27.3 18.2 0 0 93.8 6.2 0 75.0 25.0 0.

The resulting bulk stimulates a reflex contraction of the walls of the bowel, followed by emptying psyllium husk didn't find what you're looking for and pyrantel. Cr-5 1, and 14C-polyethylene glycol-4000 are uniformly distributed throughout the water phase of aqueous meals. Such markers may be useful for studies of the gastric emptying of fiber meals of low viscosity, although there is no evidence that they will specifically measure the insoluble fiber fraction of such meals. Polycarbophil was easily and effectively labeled with Cr-S 1. After initial rinses, the polycarbophil-isotope bond was stable in an acid mileau for at least 8 h in vitro about twice the half-emptying time for a 90 g polycarbophil meal ; 15 ; . Three lines ofevidence indirectly confirm that Cr-S 1 faithfully represented the movement ofthe polycarbophil gel particles. First, Discussion the chromium label was not washed from the gel particles in vivo since no radioactivity 51Cr-CM-Sephadex faithfully represented was recovered with the meal liquid which the movement of the guar and psyllium was collected from 0 to 30 after adminsuspensions. The minimal dilution of the istration. This conforms to the usual gastric fiber meals during their 30 to 40 halfemptying pattern in dogs and man in which emptying times was highlighted by the simthe liquid portion of a mixed meal empties ilarity of the effluent solids- and the effluent before the solid portion 2, 9 ; . Second, isotope-recovery curves. As a result, fiber polycarbophil particles have a distinctive apmeal half-emptying times can be adequately pearance in both the hydrated and dried estimated when based on effluent solids form. The effluent collected over the 90-mm alone. In contrast to measurements of E# , test period was mainly the meal saline phase; 5Cr-CM-Sephadex may not adequately reponly a small fraction ofthe gel particles were resent total meal emptying time. Approxicollected. Finally, in other studies 1 5 ; dogs mately 60 to 70% of the guar and psyllium were fed 90 g labeled polycarbophil and meals emptied during the 60-mm test time killed after 4 h. Meal gel was recovered from and most ofthe balance ofthe meal emptied the stomach and intestines by scraping the by 2 h not shown ; . Whether the small mucosa. Ninety percent range 85 to 97%, amount of meal remaining 20 to 30% ; after n four dogs ; ofthe isotope was recovered. 60 mm is diluted by secretions or remains Importantly, isotope was never recovered in sufficiently viscous to suspend the resin the absence of gel particles. These three obmarker is unknown. servations support the ability of Cr-S 1 as In vitro, the resin-isotope bond was stable the cromate anion ; to remain bound to at low pH and the resin remained uniformly polycarbophil in vivo and act as a marker suspended in the fiber gels. That duodenal for the gel particles. The labeling of the gel effluent after 1 .5% guar and 3% psyllium proper is important since 1 ; meal water meals remained sufficiently viscous to susemptied rapidly and separately from the gel, pend the resin strongly argues that the resinand 2 ; a significant percentage of nonmeal isotope marker represented the movement solids were added to the test meal over the of the gel as it emptied from the stomach. 1.5-h collection time. In contrast to using Naturally, fiber gel meals that do not sus51Cr-CM-Sephadex to measure only the E# pend the 51Cr-CM-Sephadex, ie, guar ofthe fiber meals, the particle-specific label1.0% w v and psyllium 2.0% w v, would ing of polycarbophil permits accurate estinot be adequately labeled for the purposes mates of both meal half- and total emptying of measuring meal half-emptying times. Water-soluble markers such as phenol red, times. a.

Psyllium soluble or insoluble

Collectives and activists from NGOs-- called the Self-education Process or Swayam Shikshan Prayog--by those involved in it, was the way of giving the process recognition and visibility p 23 ; . Out of six chapters, excluding the Introduction and Conclusion, three chapters Chapters 4-6 ; are devoted to theory. In Chapter 4, the author provides an overview of the Social Movement Theory literature, criticising the assumption mainly propagated by the Resource Mobilisation School and developed by movements studying this in the West ; that organisations must be centralised and highly organised to be able to lobby the state. Purushothaman develops her own approach, labelled 'Community Participation Approach', in Chapter 5. This approach distinguishes itself from the more conventional Social Movement Theory in the way that it neither takes the individual nor the organisation as the main unit of analysis, but the community. The advantage of this approach, in her own words, is that: it integrates a gender analysis and places greater emphasis on learning processes than on organizational structure, which explains both the nature of struggles waged at the community level and the form that movement organizations take p 155 ; . Chapter 6 is called 'Engendering the state', for one of her main puzzles is the capability of I loose networks to interact with the state by influencing or participating in government programmes. Here she gives some theoretical perspectives on women and the state, as well as the framework in which women's groups engage with the state in India in general, and in Maharashtra in particular. Her theoretical deliberations follow a chapter of ethnographic accounts of the situation that women of poor communities face and the commonality of their grievances Chapter 2 ; . The work of the SSP is dealt with in two chapters, one describing the formation of the SSP Chapter 3 ; , and another accounting for the process and outcomes of interaction in the SSP Chapter 7 ; . This process consists of many elements. Among the most important are capacitybuilding of women's collectives, peer learning exchanges, and the creation of information networks and linkages to other groups and state-agencies. The author shows how women's collectives were empowered through this process in their respective communities and vis-a-vis the state, from which they could successfully wrest resources and recognition. The author concludes that the strength of the SSP actually lies in the fact that it is not centralised and hierarchical: .had the Swayam Shikshan Prayog network become a formal, hierarchical structure, it would not have been able to fully address the concerns of those women who needed resources most. [T]he emphasis placed in the SSP on learning processes through interaction, exchanges, meetings, workshops, and training, rather than the structure of the network.allowed for the sustenance of the network. p 307 ; Sangeetha Purushothaman's book is an important contribution to our knowledge of women's organisations at the grass-roots level and to theories of social movements and the state. The 'Community Participation Approach', developed from the specific casestudy of the SSP, could be applicable to the analysis of other grassroots women's collectives and networks. Theorists so far have tended to focus more on the better organised NGOs, like SEWA, which I are more the exception than the rule in reality. However, the readability of the book suffers somewhat from the multitude of topics it addresses, which may have contributed to the not very reader-friendly organisation of the book itself. Information about the SSP, for example, is scattered over two chapters that arc separate from each other Chapters 3 and 7 ; . Maybe it would have been better to give all the empirical accounts before entering the theoretical debate, or vice versa. Apart from this minor criticism, I can wholeheartedly recommend the book to a wide range of readers. I hope that it will be seriously discussed for its empirical findings, as well as for its theoretical potential, not only among scholars and activists, but also in state agencies in India and aid-giving institutions in the rest of the world. SASRF members are encouraged to submit reviews of relevant books to the newsletter editor and pyrimethamine.

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Obesity studies and clinical reports suggest that psyllium may make you feel fuller and reduce hunger cravings. 31 percent of patients experienced increases in liver enzymes to at least twice the baseline values. The highest reported values were a 22-fold increase in alanine aminotransferase and a 12-fold increase in aspartate aminotransferase without clinical sequelae Gaertner et al. 1989 ; . In the absence of signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity, elevated liver function tests are considered a biochemical abnormality rather than a necrotic liver injury Eggert et al. 1994 ; . However, at least one case of toxic hepatitis secondary to clozapine has been described Kellner et al. 1993 ; , and patients should be observed for jaundice and other signs of hepatotoxicity. Liver function tests should be obtained before initiating therapy and monitored periodically, particularly during the initial phases. Constipation. Constipation occurs in 14 percent of patients treated with clozapine and can be severe. Three deaths from severe ileus and obstipation have been reported Hayes and Gibler 1995 ; . It is most likely due to the anticholinergic properties of clozapine, and other medications with anticholinergic properties may exacerbate it. Patients can be encouraged to eat a diet high in fiber, drink plenty of fluids, and exercise. Fiber supplements such as psyllium or unprocessed bran are safe and effective in cases of mild constipation. For more distressing symptoms, stool softeners and laxatives such as docusate sodium and milk of magnesia can be used. Stimulant cathartics such as senna, phenolphthalein, and bisacodyl can be used in more severe cases. Because long-term use of stimulant cathartics can result in degenerative changes in colonic muscles and nerves, short-term treatment is recommended. If necessary, an enema can be used Lennard- Jones 1993 ; . Nausea. Nausea tends to develop later in the course of treatment and affects 11 percent of patients Marinkovic et al. 1994 ; . The pathophysiological basis for this symptom is uncertain but may involve the antichoUnergic effect of delayed gastric emptying, increased salivation, and food intake, or direct effects on the hypothalamus Bourgeois et al. 1991 ; . Metoclopramide has been used with some success Lieberman et al. 1989 ; . Other treatments that have been successfully used include antacids and H 2 blockers Lieberman and Safferman 1992 ; . Cimetidine should be avoided because it inhibits the hepatic microsomal P-450 system and can raise the blood level of clozapine Jann et al. 1993 and questran.
Fiber supplements are usually in the form of psyllium or plantago ovata.

Overexpression without gene amplification has been observed in drug-resistant Leishmania 30 ; . Previously, DNA microarray data and northern hybridisation experiments had indicated that the MAT transcript was overexpressed in the strain MTX60.2 14 ; . Figure 4B shows that this is also the case in mutant MTX60.4. Using a probe specific for the MORN gene, a similar trend was seen Figure 4B ; . Unexpectedly, however, northern blotting with a PGFS probe revealed that mRNA levels of this gene were unchanged in both mutants and the parent strain Figure 4B ; . In order to evaluate the potential role, if any, of the PGFS and MORN proteins in MTX resistance, their respective genes were amplified by PCR and independently cloned into Leishmania expression vectors, producing plasmids pSPZEOPGFS and pSPZEOMORN, respectively. These plasmids, as well as the vector pSPZEO, were independently transfected into L. major LV39. The abilities of the vector, PGFS, and MORN transfectants to grow in increasing levels of MTX were assessed. Growth curves showed no differences in MTX resistance levels between these strains results not shown ; . The MAT protein and MTX resistance. The MAT gene was similarly amplified by PCR and used to generate pSPNEOMAT. Both this plasmid and the vector pSPNEO were independently transfected into L. major LV39. Initially, the ability of vector and MAT transfectants to grow in the presence of increasing levels of MTX was assessed. No difference in MTX EC 50 was seen between these strains Figure 5A ; , indicating that MAT is not directly responsible for resistance. However, we postulated that MAT overexpression might aid in the acquisition of resistance, since it was found to be overexpressed during initial growth and shock with MTX Table 2 ; , as well as in mutants Table 1 ; . To investigate this possibility, we attempted to judge the ease with which the MAT transfectant was able to become resistant to MTX. Because resistance is due to independent genetic events whose effects cannot be averaged, 14 and quinidine.

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Effects of psyllium and cholestyramine on antemortem measures, blood lipids, and liver tissue All of the hamsters gained weight and appeared healthy throughout the feeding study. Antemortem measurements are summarized in Table 3. There were no significant differences in food or water consumption. Weight gain was significantly lower for animals fed psyllium. Feed efficiency tended to be lower with psyllium and higher with cholestyramine, although the changes were not statistically significant. Upon necropsy, it was noted that the livers of the basal diet- and 5.5% cellulose-fed hamsters were relatively large, and had a fatty, mottled appearance in comparison to the other treatments. No other abnormalities of organs or tissues were noted. When cellulose was partially replaced with 5% psyllium or 0.5% cholestyramine, a moderate cholesterollowering effect was observed Table4 ; . Psyllium tended to be more effective than cholestyramine at these doses. The combination of psyllium and cholestyramine produced lower mean plasma and lipoprotein VLDL, LDL, and HDL ; cholesterol than either agent alone. For all of the plasma lipid variables, the test for interac.

A short-term study conducted for 1 wk using pigtailed monkeys showed that both cellulose and psyl lium husk induced an increase in wet fecal weight 2 ; . In that study, however, psyllium husk resulted in a higher moisture content than did cellulose, when fiber levels of 1-20 g d were fed. Human subjects supple mented for 3 wk with 25 g 18 ; 14-20 g 23 ; of psyllium husk daily showed increased fecal bulk com pared to feeding an equal level of cellulose supplement. After 3 wk of feeding the three diets at the initiation of our long-term study, values for fecal output and dry matter were similar to results observed from samples obtained 3 yr after the monkeys had been consuming the diets. Colonie samples from monkeys fed either of the di etary fiber sources had lower P 0.05 ; NH3-N con centration and a greater P 0.05 ; concentration of to tal and of individual VFA compared to fecal samples Table 4 ; . The greater total daily fecal VFA and VFA and qvar. Cabrera AL. 1971. Fitogeografia de la Republica Argentina. Bol Soc Argent Bot 14: 142. Corner EJH. 1991. Ad Polyporaceas VII. The Xanthochroic Polypores. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 101: 1175. Cunningham GH. 1965. Polypraceae of New Zealand. New Zealand Dept Sci Industr Res Bull 64: 1175. Dai YCh. 1999. Phellinus sensu lato Aphyllophoralles, Hymenochaetaceae ; in East Asia. Acta Bot Fennica 166: 1115. Fernandez J. 1970. Polylepis tomentella y orogenia reciente. Bol Soc Argent Bot 13: 1430. Fiasson JL, Niemela T. 1984. The Hymenochaetales: a revi sion of the European poroid taxa. Karstenia 24: 1428. Fjeldsa J, Kessler M. 1996. Conserving the biological diver sity of Polylepis Woodlands of the Highland of Peru and Bolivia. A contribution to sustainable natural resource management in the Andes. Copenhagen, Denmark: NORDECO. 250 p. Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L. 1986. North American Polypores. Vol. 1. Oslo: Fungiflora. 433 p. Lloyd CG. 1915. Synopsis of the genus Fomes. Mycol Writ 4: 209288. Lowe JL. 1957. Polyporaceae of North America. The genus Fomes. Technical publication 80. Syracuse, New York: State University College of Forestry. 97 p. Luti R, Solis M, Galera FM, Mu ller N, Berzal N, Nores M, Herrera M, Barrera JC. 1979. Vegetacio In: Vazquez n.

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Smith, T.R.: Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. Oncology Nutrition Connection. 2005; 2 ; : 19 and ramelteon. Correction to Blue RxSM Preferred Benefit Summaries QPT, T97, T98 Wellmark Blue Cross and Blue Shield benefit enrollment guides for groups with effective dates of September 15 and after, distributed through November 15, included incorrect information for Blue RxSM Preferred plans QPT, T97, and T98. Prenatal vitamins and smoking cessation were listed as "covered services" when they should have been listed as "non-covered services." We apologize for the incorrect information and psyllium.

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