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Return result ; + ; # , chunk number 10: # for i in dir pattern glob2rx " * .sim" ; + egypt01.sim : 0.5913978 egypt02.sim : 0.09243697 egypt03.sim : 0.3439490 egypt04.sim : 0.2546584 egypt05.sim : 0.1354839 egypt06.sim : 0.6993464 egypt07.sim : 0.0981595 egypt08.sim : 0.5668449 egypt09.sim : 0.5251799 egypt10.sim : 0.4343434 gambia01.sim : 0.08510638 gambia02.sim : 0.2517483 gambia03.sim : 0.1730769 gambia04.sim : 0.1866667 gambia05.sim : 0.1264368 gambia06.sim : 0.5180952 gambia07.sim : 0.3876652 gambia08.sim : 0.310559 gambia09.sim : 0.3548387 gambia10.sim : 0.3358491 ghana01.sim : 0.0990099 ghana02.sim : 0.2162162 ghana03.sim : 0.2781955 tanzania01.sim : 0.4672897 tanzania02.sim : 0.4563107 tanzania03.sim : 0.1025641 tanzania04.sim : 0.1724138 tanzania05.sim : 0.6962963 tanzania06.sim : 0.3092784 tanzania07.sim : 0.3727273 tanzania08.sim : 0.4454545 tanzania09.sim : 0.2146893 tanzania10.sim : 0.5925926 tanzania11.sim : 0.2544379 tanzania12.sim : 0.5619835 tanzania13.sim : 0.5086207 tanzania14.sim : 0.4105263 togo01.sim : 0.2549020 togo02.sim : 0.1692308 togo03.sim : 0.2147651 togo04.sim : 0.1265823 togo05.sim : 0.1098266 togo06.sim : 0.2677165 togo07.sim : 0.3244681 togo08.sim : 0.3125 togo09.sim : 0.125 togo10.sim : 0.04385965 togo11.sim : 0.08609272 # , chunk number 11: # x - read.table "tanzania04.sim", header TRUE ; x.hh - ind2hh x ; lqas n data x.hh, n 50, d 14 ; $kids [1] 50 $cases [1] 4 $outcome [1] 0 # , chunk number 12: # x - read.table "tanzania08.sim", header TRUE ; x.hh - ind2hh x ; lqas n data x.hh, n 50, d 14 ; $kids [1] 28 $cases [1] 15 $outcome [1] 1.
Hydroxyurea Hydrea Program Dispensing Policies 1. Drugs marked with "" are to be dispensed with a minimum 28 day supply. Exceptions will require prior authorization. 2. Drugs marked with " * " Code 1 are restricted by a specific diagnosis, dose, form or circumstance of the client. Prior authorization may be required and granted only when Code 1 requirements are met. 3. Drugs marked with " " require a prior authorization, PMDC will request additional information client and drug specific ; before considering the authorization. 4. All drugs are to be dispensed with a maximum 30 day supply. Exceptions will require a prior authorization. 5. Refills may be obtained after 80% of the previously dispensed days-supply has been used; however, there is an annual maximum of 13 fills per prescription. 6. All ADAP prescriptions must be reauthorized by the prescriber every 6 months. The claims adjudication system will accept 5 as the maximum number of refills. 7. Prior authorization is required for DEA class II and III drugs when quantity exceeds 100. 8. ADAP mandates the use of generic products whenever possible in accordance with applicable law or regulations. Dispensing a brand name product when a generic is available requires prior authorization and a DAW 1 code. 9. The following drug manufacturers are excluded from reimbursement thru the CA ADAP program: - ALLSCRIPTS - PHYSICIANS TC. - H L MOORE - HALSEY - ABLE LABS, INC. - Bedford LABS - Southwood Pharmaceuticals - Sun Pharmaceuticals - Prescript Pharmaceuticals - Dispense Express and Bay Labs - GSMS, INC. - Quality Care - PD-RX Pharmaceuticals.

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PLUS Beta blocker, short acting IV ; and long acting oral ; without ISA Start with one IV dose, follow with oral drug e.g. Atenolol, IV, 5 mg , followed by oral, 50 mg daily PLUS Heparin, IV bolus 5 000 IU, follow with 1 200 IU hourly. Continue infusion for 35 days. Bin synthesis in culture occurs at this time period.'4 To determine whether the effect of hydroxyurea on hemoglobin synthesis is influenced by the stage of progenitor-derived cell maturation, the drug was added to peripheral blood BFUE-derived cultures period. It was added A final dose of control concentration cultures reduced on days 3 through 1 3 of the culture once to each dish and was not removed. of 50 ffmol L when added was chosen 7, enough because this to 50% to demonof BFU-E-derived on day colonies.
Even small integration agreements have also damaged Mercosur exports. Gupta and Schiff [1997] examined how Argentine exports declined as a consequence of the formation of the Andean Pact AP ; . When the latter group was created in 1969, the member countries included Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Venezuela joined in 1973 and Chile withdrew in 1976. As was the case with several other Latin American integration schemes, in its early years the AP was very protectionist Nogus and Quintanilla [1993] ; . More recently, however, the member countries have implemented significant liberalization policies and are now in the process of applying a common external tariff with reduced levels of protection Devlin and Esteveadeordal [2001] ; . For a relatively large number of agricultural products, however, protection remains very high and is effected mainly through a system of price bands.38 This high protection has probably spurred trade diversion and is therefore a matter of concern for the Mercosur countries. Gupta and Schiff [1997] p. 7 ; analyzed the effects on Argentina's cattle exports to Peru in the early years of the AP; Table IV.10 summarizes their findings. In the few years following the creation of the AP, Argentine cattle sales to Peru declined dramatically, being displaced by sales from Colombia. The authors also document price falls: "In terms of unit export values, Argentina obtained. Mr. Alfred L. Logan III has been employed by the PA Department of Health Bureau of Laboratories since September 1967. Alfred started his career in the water testing laboratory and proceeded to Enteric and General Bacteriology Laboratory. In 1970, he started his career in parasitology. He has been the expert in this area of science for the Bureau of Laboratories and has been serving the Commonwealth of PA with classic diagnostic parasitology for 37 years. Alfred has also published several scientific papers in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology. His widely known expertise in the field of parasitology is invaluable and irreplaceable. In 1990, Alfred started his career in diagnostic Mycobacteriology. His work in this area has provided the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania with and ibandronate.

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The anti-CD16 NK1, IgG1, VD4, IgG1; KD1, IgG2a ; mAb 10 ; and the anti-CD56 TA181H12, IgG2a ; mAb were obtained, as described 6, 14, 17, ; . The anti-CD3 mAb Leu4, IgG1 ; , the anti-CD4 mAb Leu3a, IgG1 ; , the anti-CD8 mAb Leu2a, IgG1 ; , and the anti-CD56 mAb Leu19, IgG1 ; were from BD Biosciences, and the anti-FasL NOK-1, IgG1 ; was from BD Pharmingen. The anti-CD54 mAb ICAM-1, 14D12D2, IgG1 ; was a gift of S. Carrel Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland ; . The blocking anti-Fas mAb ZB4 IgG1 ; and the apoptosis-inducing anti-Fas mAb CH11 IgM ; were from Medical and Biological Laboratories; the anti-NKp30 mAb clone Z25, IgG1 ; , the anti-NKp44 mAb clone Z231, IgG1 ; , the anti-NKp46 mAb clone BAB281, IgG1 ; , either in purified azide-free form or PE conjugated, and the anti-human Fas mAb UB2 were from Beckman-Coulter; the anti-FasL mAb Alf-2.1a was from Ancell; and the anti-Fas mAb M38, IgG1 ; was.

Samples of S-3 prepared by oven and air dried method are tested by using plastic limit penetrometer method ; and liquid limit tests. The result of plastic limit and liquid limit of sample S-3 by oven dried method are shown in Table 4.17 and 4.18 respectively. The liquid limit obtained is shown in Figure 4.13 and ibritumomab. Based on the x-ray crystal structure of the adducts of hca ii with ureate and hydroxamate inhibitors, the hypothetical binding of hydroxyurea is proposed to be achieved in deprotonated state, with the nitrogen atom coordinated to zn ii ; , and the oh group of the inhibitor making a hydrogen bond with thr 19 this binding may be exploited for the design of both ca as well as matrix metalloproteinase mmp ; inhibitors, since hydroxyurea is the simplest compound incorporating a hydroxamate functionality in its molecule.

Monitor patients with laboratory testing for hiv, hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, and other opportunistic infections table 1 and idarubicin.

MOLDOVA Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care of the Republic of Moldova NASC Address: 1, T. Ciorba Street, Chisinau 2004, MOLDOVA Tel: + 373 22 250795 Fax: + 373 22 205331 Email: alex.solomatin mail.md or shandru mail.md Last Survey received: 2005 Members: 321 President: Prof Boris Pargari Member of WFSA: 2004 Treasurer: Dr Sergiu Cobiletchi Annual Meeting Held: January 2006 Secretary: Dr Alexandru Solonatin Preferred language for communication: English MONGOLIA Mongolian Society of Anesthesiologists NASC Address: c o Dr. L.Ganbold, Lecturer in Anaesthesiology, National Medical University Jamyan Gunii Street - 4, Ulaanbaatar-210548, MONGOLIA Tel: + 976 11 350737 Fax: + 976 11 324344 Email: ganboldl yahoo Last Survey received: 2004 Members: 55 President: Dr D Nergui Treasurer: Dr M Dawaa Established: 1993 Secretary: Dr Ts Gansuch Member of WFSA: 1996 Annual Meeting Held: 1 October 2004 Preferred language for communication: English MOROCCO Socit Marocaine D'Anesthsie et de Ranimation ARS Address: Hopital des Specialites, Rabat, MOROCCO Tel: + 212 777 3235 Fax: + 212 777 0199 Email: reaspe iam .ma or c Last Survey received: 2001 Members: 300 President: Prof Lahoucine Barrou Established: 1984 Treasurer: Prof B.Idali Member of WFSA: 2004 Secretary: Prof H.Ismali Preferred language for communication: English MOZAMBIQUE Association of Anaesthetists of Mozambique ARS Address: Maputo General Hospital, P O Box 1167, Maputo, MOZAMBIQUE President: Dr Teresa Schwalbach Member of WFSA: 2004 Corresponding MYANMAR Anaesthetists' Society of Myanmar Medical Association AARS Address: Dept of Anaesthesiology and IC, Yangon General Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Yangon, MYANMAR Tel: + 95 1 256112 ext. 227 Fax: Email: tinmyint yangon .mm Last Survey received: 2000 Members: 120 President: Prof Tin Myint Treasurer: Dr Thin Kyu Secretary: Dr Yin Nwe Preferred language for communication: English NEPAL Society of Anaesthesiologists of Nepal AARS Address: NMA Building, PO Box 11041, Kathmandu, NEPAL Tel: + 977 1 221119, Fax: + 977 1 247032 Email: san nepal hotmail or sumanamatya yahoo Last Survey received: 2004 Members: 54 President: Dr Shova Arjyal Treasurer: Dr Shanta Sapkota Member of WFSA: 1988 Secretary: Dr Suman Amatya Preferred language for communication: English NETHERLANDS Nederlandse Vereniging voor Anesthesiologie NASC Address: Lomanlaan 103, Postbus 20063, 3502 LB Utrecht, NETHERLANDS Tel: + 31 30 282 Fax: + 31 30 288 Email: nva anesthesiologie.nl Internet: : anesthesiologie.nl Members: 1066 Last Survey received: 2005 Established: 1948 President: Dr A.T. van Rheineck Leyssius Member of WFSA: 1955 Treasurer: Mr. Michiel Bijkerk Annual Meeting Held: 13 May 2004 Secretary: Mr. H G van Middelkoop Preferred language for communication: English.

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Table 1: Liver Volume Changes in 2 Open-Label Uncontrolled Monotherapy Studies of ZAVESCA with Extension Phases Liver Volume Absolute Mean L ; Percent Mean % ; n 2-sided 95% CI ; 2-sided 95% CI ; Study 1 starting dose ZAVESCA 100 mg three times daily ; Baseline Month 0 ; 21 2.39 Month 12 Change from baseline -0.28 -0.38, -0.18 ; -12.1% -16.4, 7.9 ; Study 1 Extension Phase Baseline Month 0 ; 12 2.54 Month 24 Change from baseline -0.36 -0.48, -0.24 ; -14.5% -19.3, 9.7 ; Study 2 ZAVESCA 50 mg three times daily ; Baseline Month 0 ; 17 2.45 Month 6 Change from baseline -0.14 -0.25, -0.03 ; -5.9% -9.9, -1.9 ; Study 2 Extension Phase Baseline Month 0 ; 13 2.35 Month 12 Change from baseline -0.17 -0.3, -0.0 ; -6.2% -12.0, -0.5 and ifex.
Daniels et al. From evidence to practice: Audit of adjuvant chemotherapy after complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer in an Australian lung cancer centre Asia. Pac. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005, 1: 138-44. Daniels, M., Newnham, G., Wright, G. From evidence to practice: Audit of adjuvant chemotherapy after complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer in an Australian lung cancer center. Asia-pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005; 1: 138 Dass CR, Choong PF. Carrier-mediated delivery of peptidic drugs for cancer therapy. Peptides. 2006 Dass CR, Choong PF. Targeting of small molecule anticancer drugs to the tumour and its vasculature using cationic liposomes: lessons from gene therapy. Cancer Cell Int. 2006 Jun 23; 6: 17. Dass CR, Nadesapillai AW, Fisher JL, Howard M, Zhou H and Choong PFM. Downregulation of uPAR confirms link in osteosarcoma. Clin. Exp. Metastasis. 2006, 23, 8 ; : 643-652. Dass, CR. and Choong, PFM. Selective gene delivery for cancer therapy using cationic liposomes: In vivo proof of applicability J. Contr. Rel. 2006, 113 2 ; : 155-63. Davies M. "Our Great Department". History of the Department of Anaesthesia St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne 1955-2005. Davis ID, Chen W, Jackson H, Parente P, Shackleton MJ, Hoplkins W, Chen Q, Dimopoulos N, Luke T, Murphy R, Scott AM, Maraskovsky E, McArthur G, MacGregor DP, Sturrock S, Tai Y, Green S, Cuthbertson A, Maher A, Miloradovic L, Mitchell SV, Ritter G, Jungbluth A, Chen Y, Gnjatic S, Hoffman E, Old LJ & Cebon JS. Recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant induces broad integrated antibody and CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004, 101 29 ; : 10697-10702. Dawson, S.J., Ranieri, N.F., Snyder, R.D., McLachlan, S.A., Burns, W.I., Newnham, G.M., Francis, P.A., Dowling, A.J. Trastuzumab T ; and CNS metastases in women with HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer MBC ; '. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005, Abstract no. 683 ASCO Proceedings Dawson, SJ, Ranieri, NF, Snyder, RD, McLachlan, SA, Burns, WI, Newnham, GM, Francis PA, and Dowling, AJ. Central nervous system metastases in women with HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer after treatment with Trastuzumab. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology 2006, 2: 50-56. De Gooyer TE, Skinner SL, Wlodek ME, Kelly DJ & WilkinsonBerka JLA. Angiotensin II influences ovarian follicle development in the transgenic mRen-2 ; 27 and SpragueDawley rat. Journal of Endocrinology. 2004, 180: 311-324.

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Hydroxyurea inhibited the replication of bacteriophage T4 in Escherichia coli B. The concentration of hydroxyurea required to inhibit net deoxyribonucleic acid DNA ; synthesis 50%0 was about 50-fold less than that required in uninfected cells. Even in the presence of high hydroxyurea concentrations, phage DNA was readily synthesized from the products of breakdown of the E. coli DNA, and viable phage were made. Deoxyribonucleotide, but not ribonucleotide, synthesis was strongly inhibited in the presence of hydroxyurea. The data indicate that hydroxyurea specifically inhibits de novo DNA synthesis in E. coli infected with bacteriophage T4 by inhibiting the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase system, but does not affect DNA synthesis at subsequent steps. Numerous studies have shown that hydroxyurea inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid DNA ; synthesis, not only in mammals and other multicellular organisms 9, 14, 24 ; , but also in Escherichia coli and other microorganisms 5, 11, 13 ; . One major difference is that a much higher concentration of hydroxyurea is required to inhibit DNA synthesis in E. coli than is required for comparable inhibition in mammalian cells. It is not clear whether this is due to different permeabilities or different mechanisms of action in the two kinds of cells. Hydroxyurea has been found to be bacteriostatic in E. coli for up to 3 exposure, but bactericidal during longer exposure 11 ; . Protein and ribonucleic acid RNA ; synthesis are not inhibited directly by hydroxyurea, and the proteins and RNA made appear to be normal 11 ; . Thus, it appears that hydroxyurea rather specifically inhibits DNA synthesis, but there is disagreement as to the exact site of action of the compound. There is considerable support for the idea that the primary site of action in vivo is inhibition of the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides 25 ; , but a number of other effects have also been reported. In bacteria, these include alteration of DNA 12 ; , assembly of T-even coliphages 8 ; , and inhibition of deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate dCDP ; kinase H. S. Rosenkranz et al., unpublished data ; . Elford 3 ; and Y. C. Yeh personal communication ; have shown that the E. coli and bacteriophage T4I and ifosfamide.

SUMMARY Cytotoxicity of hydroxyurea has been studied in mouse epidermis and small intestine by determining the loss of thymidine-3 H-labeled DNA by both autoradiographic and biochemical methods. In the normal epidermis!


Contra-indications hydrea is contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated a previous hypersensivity to hydroxyurea or any other component of its formulation and iloprost.
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Our extended release product ADDERALL XR is covered by a US patent. In January 2003 we received a Paragraph IV notice from Barr Laboratories Inc. Barr ; alleging that this patent is invalid and not infringed by Barr's extended release mixed amphetamine salt product. In February 2003, Shire Laboratories Inc. filed suit against Barr for infringement of this U.S. patent. For more details see note 26 to this report and financial statements. There can be no assurance that the Group will prevail in the suit and in the event it does not this may have a material adverse impact on the Group's results and financial position. ii ; AGRYLIN Total AGRYLIN sales for the year to 31 December 2002 were 79.1 million, an increase of 33% compared to the prior year 2001: 59.6 million ; . Underlying prescriptions for AGRYLIN in the US, where it is the only product licensed for the treatment of essential thrombocythaemia, increased by 22%. Shire achieved 26.5% of the total US AGRYLIN, hydrea and generic hydroxyurea prescription market in December 2002, compared to 24.4% in December 2001. iii ; PENTASA Sales of PENTASA, for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, were up 10% at 57.9 million 2001: 52.5 million ; . PENTASA had a prescription share of 17.6% of the US oral mesalamine olsalazine market in December 2002, compared with 18.6% in December 2001. iv ; PROAMATINE Sales of PROAMATINE, for the treatment of postural hypotension, were 33.7 million, 28% higher than 2001 sales of 26.4 million. The US prescription market for PROAMATINE and fludrocortisone acetate prescriptions indicated that PROAMATINE had a 25.3% market share for the month of December 2002, an increase from 23.6% in December 2001. v ; CARBATROL Sales of CARBATROL, for the treatment of epilepsy, were 30.3 million in 2002, an increase of 18% over prior year sales of 25.6 million. CARBATROL achieved 36.3% of the US extended release carbamazepine prescription market in December 2002, compared with 35.5% in December 2001. b ; Royalties Royalty revenue increased 73% to 114.1 million for the year ended 31 December 2002 compared to 66.1 million in 2001. Shire receives royalties from GSK on worldwide sales of 3TC and ZEFFIX, with the exception of Canada, where a partnership with GSK exists. Other royalties are received in respect of REMINYL galantamine hydrobromide ; from Johnson & Johnson and, in addition, a number of hormone replacement therapy HRT ; products from various licensees. Cost of sales and net operating expenses For the year ended 31 December 2002, cost of sales amounted to 15% of product sales compared to 16% in 2001. A slightly favourable mix of higher margin products largely offset costs associated with enhancing internal and external production facility capabilities. Distribution costs were 167.1 million for the year ended 31 December 2002 2001: 147.4 million ; and represented 28% of total product sales 2001: 29% ; . R&D expenditure increased from 103.8 million in 2001 to 126.1 million in 2002, representing an overall increase of 21%. As a percentage of turnover, R&D costs were 18% 2001: 18% ; . Shire aims to invest between 18% and 20% of total turnover in R&D, although the actual level of expenditure required each year is driven by the progress and development phase of existing and new projects and hydroxyurea.

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N coastal ecosystems, abiotic factors including exposure to sea aerosol and saltwater infiltration of the ground water may well reduce plant growth and affect their reproduction Hesp, 1991; Cheplick and Demetri, 1999 ; . The contamination of seawater by synthetic surfactants has been the topic of many research studies during the past 30 years Lapucci et al., 1972 ; , since they may have a phytotoxic effect and produce severe damage in plants. The presence of surfactant enhances the foliar absorption of sea salt through stomatal Greene and Bukovac, 1974 ; and cuticular Schonherr and Bauer, 1992 ; penetration. Salt and surfactants may interfere with the regulation of stomatal aperture and thus upset and indinavir. The correctness of isotope substitutions was ascertained by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Hydroxyurea was obtained from E. R. Squibb and Sons, Ltd., England. Strains andPhages-E. coli strain CR 63 K supD ; and E. coli B wild type ; were used. T4 amN122 carries an amber mutation ingene 42 dCMP hydroxymethylase ; 6 ; . Media-Cells were usually grown in SLBH medium 7 ; . For the exDeriments with specifically deuterated tyrosines, a synthetic Fraser medium 8 ; was used, where the casamino acids were substituted for 15 purified amino acids giving a final concentration in the range of 25-200 mg liter of each L-amino acid. The concentration of the deuterated tyrosine was 40 mg liter of the L form. Buffers-Buffer A stands for 0.1 M potassium phosphate pH 7.6 ; , M 20% glycerol, and 1 m dithiothreitol. Buffer B stands for 0.1 M potassium phosphate pH 7.6 ; , 0.2 M potassium chloride, 20% glycerol, M and 1 m dithiothreitol. Protein Determination-Protein was determined by the absorbance at 280 nm. T4 ribonucleotide reductase has an extinction coefficient E; : , of 15 280 nm 9 ; . Enzyme Assays-The activity of T4 ribonucleotide reductase was assayed either by determining the amount of [3H]dCDP formed from [3H]CDP mostly on crude fractions ; 10 ; or by spectrophotometric method measuring the oxidation of NADPH to NADP + 2 ; . One enzyme unit is defined as the amount of protein which catalyzes the formation of 1 nmol of dCDP min at 25 "C. Growth Conditions-Lysates of T4 amN122 were prepared in E.
1 It was suggested that the phrase "minor as defined by national legislation of the Parties" be used throughout the text. If this suggestion is adopted, the phrase would be changed wherever it appears in the text and infliximab.

The contribution of T cell division to memory maintenance can be investigated by disabling dividing cells in immunized individuals. This strategy, in contrast to previous approaches, circumvents the difficulties in properly identifying the T cells supporting memory. We took advantage of a transgenic mouse model allowing exclusive and conditional ablation of dividing T cells based on their specific expression of a suicide gene, the herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase TK ; . Cells expressing TK can metabolize the nucleoside analog ganciclovir GCV ; into toxic triphosphated GCV that, by blocking DNA elongation, kills dividing cells. The fact that only dividing cells are killed by triphosphated GCV is a key property of this system. We generated transgenic mice specifically expressing the TK gene in both CD4 and CD8 T cells TK ; . Thus, in TK mice, although all T cells express TK, only the dividing ones are eliminated during GCV administration, whereas quiescent T cells and all other cells are spared. The efficiency of this system has been exemplified by its apt control of T cell-mediated pathologies, such as graftversus-host disease or cardiac and skin allograft rejections 1416 ; . Because initiation time and duration of GCV treatment can be controlled, TK mice offer a unique possibility to explore the role of T cell division in immunological memory maintenance. Likewise, mice can be immunized to establish memory; 2 months later, dividing T cells can be specifically eliminated for various times by GCV treatment; and finally, mice can be assessed for secondary immune responses after GCV cessation. We explored such anamnestic responses against male H-Y transplantation alloantigen and against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus LCMV ; Ags, both in vitro and in vivo. In both models, we demonstrate that T cell division is an absolute requisite for maintaining immunological memory. Moreover, we show that the treatment of sensitized mice with hydroxyurea HU ; , a toxic cytotoxic drug commonly used in cancer chemotherapy that kills all dividing cells, also induces immune amnesia while immunocompetency is preserved and ibandronate.

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Hydroxyurea is one of several substituted urea compounds with antitumor activity. The finding of megaloblastic marrows in patients receiving doses of 40 mg kg day suggested interference with DXA metabolism 1 ; . In bacterial cells hydroxyurea was found to inhibit growth, reduce the DNA RNA ratio, and in hibit thymidine incorporation into DNA 10, 17 ; . Thymidine incorporation into HeLa monolayer cells 25 ; and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells 9 ; was inhibited by hydroxyurea. Thymidine par tially reversed the growth inhibition by hydroxyurea in Chinese hamster cell lines 13 ; . In subcellular preparations of HeLa cells 25 ; , hydroxyurea failed to inhibit thymidine kinase or DNA polymerase but caused a 90' o inhibition of the incorporation of cytidylic and guanylic acids into DNA. Subcellular extracts of marrow cells from rats and humans pretreated with hydroxyurea formed deoxycytidine monophosphate from cytidine monophosphate at a reduced rate 8 ; . In Chinese hamster cells hydroxyurea-induced growth inhibition was reversed by pyrimidine deoxyribosides but not by purine deoxyribosides or ribosides of and intal.

1. 2. 3. Young HS, Khan ASA, Kendra JR, Coulson IH. The cutaneous side-effects of hydroxyurea. Clin Lab Haem 2000; 22: 229-32. Abhyankar D, Chetna Shende, Saikia T, Adwani SH. Hydroxyurea induced leg ulcers. JAPI 2000; 48: 926-7. Sador U, Banyai M, Boni R, Burg G, Hafner J. Leg ulcers in patients with myeloproliferative disorders: disease or treatment-related? Dermatology 2000; 200: 45-8. Daoud MS, Beast PJ, Pittelkow MR, Petit RM. Hydroxyurea induced leg ulceration in 14 patients. Ann Int Med 1998; 128: 2932. Kato N, Kimura K, Yasukawa K, Yoshida K. Hydroxyurea related leg ulcers in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia: a case report and review of the literature. J Dermatol 1999; 26: 56-62. Murphy J, Morley SM. Hydroxyurea induced leg ulcers. Hosp Med 2000; 61: 510.

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