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Stanik J, Gasperikova D, Paskova M, et al. Prevalence of permanent neonatal diabetes in Slovakia and successful replacement of insulin with sulfonylurea therapy in KCNJ11 and ABCC8 mutation carriers. J Clin Endocrinol & Metab, in press.

Because mesna will be given as part of a protocol using drugs where there is clear evidence of risk in pregnancy, for both men and women: do not conceive a child get pregnant ; while taking mesna.

Expected expenditure in first three years of Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07 is likely to be Rs.118 Lakh which is 39 % of Tenth Plan approved Outlay. Requirement of funds for remaining two years is estimated to be Rs.12.2 Lakh. Thus, total requirement of funds for 10th Plan would be around Rs.140 lakh. III. I. Major Physical Achievements and Shortfalls: Achievements 1. The Cooperative Department has organized four Sehkari Bazars in the first two years of the Tenth Plan 2002-07. In the AP 2004-05, two Sehkari Bazars are likely to be organized. Market Development Assistance to Leather Cooperative could be given to only two Leather Cooperative Societies as other could not qualify the criteria. Consumption credit to SC ST members of Cooperative Societies through three Cooperative Societies was given!


What we do know, however, is that countries that have relatively effective criminal justice systems, also tend to be the countries with compensation schemes and a reasonable supply of resources. Whether countries with relatively effective criminal justice systems and resources to make them such ; create conditions conducive to developing compensation schemes, or whether having active compensation schemes has steadily helped build the criminal justice system, or both, remains a moot point which is unsubstantiated in the international literature or research.

FIG. 3. Kinetics of thiol reactions with acrolein. The reactions were performed at 22 2C Na2HPO4, pH 7.5 final volume 200 l ; . The GSH reactions contained 100 M GSH and 50 M acrolein, the mesna reactions 200 M mesna and 100 M acrolein, and the WR-1065 reactions 100 M WR-1065 and 50 M acrolein. At the end of the incubation periods, 0.8 ml mBBr was added final mBBr concentration 5 mM ; , and the samples were incubated in the dark at RT for 5 min. Five l of 5 MSA were then added, and the samples were diluted to 1.0 ml with 10 mM MSA and extracted with 1.0 ml H2O-saturated CH2Cl2. The supernatants were analyzed on HPLC as described under Materials and Methods. Values of ln Q eq. 3 ; calculated from measurements are plotted circles for GSH, squares for mesna ; and fitted to lines solid and dashed, respectively ; to obtain k2 values. For WR-1065, k2 was too large for measurement data not shown. First human cases in 30 years recently reported vaccine not routinely recommended recent outbreaks in central anuradhapura ; and northwestern provinces cases reported in and around taipei and the kaohsiung-pingtung river basins annual outbreaks in chiang mai valley; sporadic cases in bangkok suburbs highest rates in and near hanoi enzootic cycle may not be sustainable; epidemics may follow introductions of virus and mesoridazine.

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Individuals Suitable for Testing include women in their second trimester of pregnancy 16 to 18 weeks' gestation preferred; 14.0 to 22.9 weeks accepted, but risk of NTD not provided for samples collected prior to 15.0 weeks ; . Method: AFP, hCG, uE3, DIA, and h-hCG are measured using markerspecific immunoassays. The multiple of the median MoM ; is calculated for all markers. Race-specific medians are used for AFP, hCG, uE3, and DIA. MoM adjustments are made for maternal weight all markers ; and insulin dependent diabetes AFP only ; . NTD risk is based on the maternal age and AFP MoM; the singleton pregnancy detection rates are 88% for anencephaly and 79% for open spina bifida false-positive rate, 3% ; .14 Down syndrome risk is based on MoM values of all 5 markers and maternal age at time of delivery. The singleton pregnancy detection rate is 83% at a 5% false-positive rate.12 Trisomy 18 risk is based on maternal age and AFP, hCG, and uE3 MoMs. The singleton pregnancy detection rate is 60% at a 0.2% false-positive rate.15 Aliases include Maternal Serum Screen 5 MSS 5 ; and invasive trophoblast antigen ITA, h-hCG ; . Reference Range: See Table 26. Interpretive Information: Women with values above the cut-off listed in Table 26 are considered at increased risk of carrying an affected fetus. Inaccurate patient information can substantially affect risk assessment. Risks can be recalculated using corrected patient information; call 1-800-642-4657, ext. 4455. Normal risk for NTD: Normal levels do not ensure birth of a normal infant; AFP screening has a false-negative rate of 8% for anencephaly and 38% for spina bifida.15 Closed NTD will not be detected in most cases. Increased risk for NTD: Ultrasonography is recommended to confirm the gestational age or detect the presence of twins or anencephaly. When the gestational age is 19 weeks and an increased AFP MoM of 2.5 but 3.5 is still unexplained, repeat blood sampling and testing are recommended to confirm the elevation. Repeat blood sampling is not recommended when 1 ; the Down syndrome risk is elevated; 2 ; the AFP. 110 3.8 ANTINEOPLASTIC ADJUNCT conjunction with ifosfamide, and is often given in conjunction with cyclophosphamide. Pregnancy risk factor: B Lactation: Contraindicated Usual Dose: IV: 20% of oxazaphosphorines or 400 mg m at 0, 4 and 8 hours after oxazaphosphorines. Administration: IV: IV infusion over 15-30 minutes or per protocol; mesna can be diluted in D5W or NS to final concentration of 1-20 mg ml. Adverse Reactions: It is difficult to distinguish reactions from those caused by concomitant chemotherapy. 10 %: GI: Vomiting with high IV doses ; . 1 %: Anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, hypertonia, injection site reaction, limb pain, myalgia, platelet count decreased, tachycardia. Precautions: Examine morning urine specimen for hematuria prior to ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide treatment; if hematuria 50 RBC HPF ; develops, reducethe toxicities ifosfamide cyclophosphamide associated with dose or or discontinue the drug; will not prevent or alleviate other ifosfamide cyclophosphamide and will not prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in all patients. IV formulation contains benzyl alcohol; do not use in neonates or infants. Contraindications: Hypersenstivity to mesna or other thiol compounds, or any component of the formulation. Drug Interactions: Warfarin. Monitoring Parameters: Urinalysis. Stability: see table on page 454 Storage: 25 C Preparations: Injection and metamucil.

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Dr. Wesely C.T. Shiu, MD, MRCP Dr. Thomas W.T. Leung, MB Department of Clinical Oncology Chinese University of Hong Kong Introduction Over the last few years there is a rapid development of new anticancer drugs in an attempt either to increase the anticancer activity or to minimise the toxicity. It is often difficult for a busy general practitioner to keep up with this new knowledge. Therefore the aim of this review article is to highlight some of the new anticancer drugs which are currently available or will be available shortly in Hong Kong. A. Alkalating Agents The traditional alkalating agents such as cyclophosphamide has been used widely and found to be effective in many tumours Table 1 ; . Its new Hodgkin disease Non-Hodgkin Iymphoma Multiple myeloma Neuroblastoma Retinoblastoma Mycosis fungoides Leukaemia Carcinoma of testis Breast cancer Small cell lung cancer Table 1: Tumours Responsive to Cyclophosphamide derivative, ifosfamide, has been shown to be more effective, less marrow suppressive and has a wider spectrum of activity1. Its major drawback is haemorrhagic cystitis. It is shown to be due to irritation by its metabolites. This is largely preventable by adequate hydration and regular. A paper copy of the manuscript, including originals of figures and tables and author attestation forms see Submission Checklist ; , should be submitted to the JMCP Peer Review Administrator at the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 100 North Pitt St., Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314; Tel: 800 ; 827-2627 or 703 ; 683-8416 or Fax: 703 ; 683-8417. The paper copy is necessary to ensure proper presentation and placement of text, figures, tables, and graphs. Please submit the manuscripts electronically at jmcp.msubmit . All text should be in a word processing program preferably Microsoft Word ; . Tables should be prepared in a word processing program using and methadone. By Robert E. Feinstein, M.D., and Anne A. Brewer, M.D. New York, N.Y., Springer Publishing Co., 1998, 408 pages, .95. When confronted with a psychosocial problem in the office, nothing is more frustrating to me than an unintelligible reference text. The DSM-IV and DSM-IV-PC are excellent resources, but I frequently find myself wondering if the people that wrote them were previously employed to write the ICD-9 and CPT code books. When I encourage our resident physicians to use the DSM-IV, they frequently give me a look as if to ask "What language is this thing written in?" In a world where legalese, medicalese, and behavioralese books are common, Primary Care Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine is a refreshing exception. This excellent resource for clinicians working in a primary care setting is very readable, easily referenced, and full of clinically useful advice. This textbook is formatted into 3 distinct parts: "Psychiatric Disorders in Primary Care, " "Behavioral Medicine in Primary Care, " and "Psychosocial Treatments in Primary Care." The first part addresses the most common psychiatric disorders that the clinician in private practice will encounter. These chapters are practical in their approach to accurate diagnosis and treatment. Common clinical presentations, symptoms, and treatment options are clearly outlined. The text is supplemented with multiple charts, figures, and algorithms that will more than meet the needs of the visual learner. The text provides a valuable service in outlining successful treatments for common psychiatric disorders. Medical management and psychotherapy treatment options are referenced for each diagnosis. The clinical guides make this textbook a "must" for the practicing clinician. The information on physicianpatient interactions makes this work exceptional, even though, occasionally, the discussion becomes convoluted. It is sometimes difficult to determine "who" is reacting to "what" behavior in "what" way. The positive aspect of this dialogue is that the physician is identified as an important player in the therapeutic relationship. Common foibles in that relationship are discussed, and practical insights are given on when and how to evaluate the patient's need for referral. The second part discusses "Behavioral Medicine in Primary Care." This part of the text opens with a valuable discussion of cardiovascular risk behavior. Recent publications have identified depression as a significant marker of postmyocardial infarction mortality. This chapter outlines timely recommendations to cardiologists and primary care clinicians managing patients with atherosclerotic heart disease. Women's health care issues that impact mental health are also discussed. Appropriate diagnosis and management of endocrine-related mood and behavior disorders are reviewed. Medication, diet, and education are discussed. This section ends with a valuable overview of death and dying. Guidance is given for developing the clinical skills necessary in sharing bad news compassionately. The final section, "Psychosocial Treatments in Primary Care, " opens with a discussion of consultation, counseling, and crisis intervention. Most of the advice is practical and insightful. Clear information on the success of various types of counseling is also provided. Different counseling techniques and coping styles are reviewed and discussed, and there is an overview of family counseling. The relatively small size of this book belies the depth of wisdom inside. The best strength is its readability. I highly recommending it to our family practice residents. From a clinical standpoint, I appreciated the discussion of psychosocial treatments most. Our resident physicians do not get enough exposure to the different clinical psychology treatments available. Even though they make referrals to psychologists, they frequently do not ask patients about their treatments. By reading these chapters, residents will make better referrals and monitor their patients' progress more closely. Robert E. Houston, M.D. Casper, Wyoming.

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The Spectrum of Medical Care: Curative, Rehabilitative, and Palliative To the Editor.--The Editorial by Dr Fox1 insightfully explains the need for reforms in medical education that will enhance a flexible mix of curative and palliative approaches in medical practice, approaches fashioned to the needs, value systems, and specifics of individual patients rather than to diseases and organ systems. "For most patients neither a purely curative model nor a purely palliative care model is altogether suitable, . [since] most have chronic disabling conditions as well [as curable conditions]." Fox concludes, "Reframing the problem with medical education in terms of its relative and methazolamide.

Method of Administration Intravenous: Slow push through sidearm of free flowing IV D5W, NS or 2 3: Give over 10-15 minutes. Doses may be mixed in 50mL minibag D5W Infuse through sidearm of free flowing IV over 10-20 minutes. Slow down injection rate if erythematous streaking occurs. When admixed with heparin, precipitation may occur. Oral: Oral self-administration; drug available by retail prescription. Available as 5, 10 and 25 mg capsules. Swallow whole with water; should not be chewed. May be taken with or without food. Bolus dose of Mesna before Ifosfamide infusion; Mesna admixed in Ifosfamide solution; followed by 2 doses of Mesna by IV bolus or PO, see Mesna. May mix doses or 2000mg in 100mL bag NS Infuse over 30-60 minutes. May mix doses 2000mg in 500-1000mL bag NS Infuse over 2-4hours. May be admixed with Mesna solution, when Mesna given by an infusion started before Ifosfamide. Oral hydration is strongly encouraged; poorly hydrated patients may need more IV hydration. Inadequate total hydration may result in dose-related hemorrhagic cystitis. May be diluted in larger volumes for continuous infusion over 6-24 hours; May be infused using a CADD ambulatory infusion pump over longer periods. see Gleevec ; Subcutaneous self-administration or administered by home caregiver drug available by retail prescription. For IV administration mix in 100mL bag of NS; Infuse over 30 minutes. May give acetaminophen 500mg-1000mg 30min prior administration to alleviate Flu-like symptoms. Avoid IM use with thrombocytopenia. Mix in 500mL bag D5W Infuse over 90 minutes. Do not refrigerate admixtures in NS may result in precipitation ; . Refrigerated admixtures in D5W, when protected from light, are stable up to 48 hours. Freezing irinotecan and admixtures of irinotecan may result in precipitation of the drug and should be avoided. Do not admix with other drugs. Protect from light. In pursuing the mission of the MUHC, staff work to combine patient care, education and research, while creating an atmosphere of inquiry, innovation and self-evaluation. We also aim to share our expertise in the treatment of disease, in the prevention of illness or injury, and in the promotion of health with other institutions and professionals in a collective effort to address our society's health care problems. The MUHC community strives to continually strengthen relationships with all the different groups we serve, based on open communication, mutual understanding, support and respect for cultural and linguistic diversity. In keeping with its charter and tradition, the MUHC emphasizes: its primary concern for respecting the autonomy of patients and their loved ones; the highest ethical and legal standards of professional practice; its commitment to excellence in clinical care, research and teaching; loyalty to its community; its commitment to basic principles of justice and the fair allocation of health care resources. Every member of the MUHC community shares the responsibility for treating with respect those who turn to us for help. We should try to have them feel comforted and secure. This code of ethics reflects this responsibility, and our commitment to having our practices and daily conduct reflect the values and beliefs of our institution. We consider the following guiding principles to be very important in the task of creating a healing environment: mutual respect; privacy; promoting open communication; preservation of confidentiality; informed care and treatment decisions; providing care in a compassionate, responsible manner; access to health information. Mutual Respect Every person should be treated with respect. This should be reflected in the attitude, communications and actions of staff, patients and family and methenamine.

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After completion of Ifosfamide infusion: For patients receiving MESNA orally, no further hydration needed. For patients receiving MESNA by IV, continue hydration with D5 NS IV 250 mL h until after Hour 9 Mesna. 5 and 9 360 mg m2 IV in 100 ml D5W over 15 minutes or MESNA 720 mg m PO in carbonated beverage as outpatient 9 D5 NS 150 mL h for 8 hours For patients who are hydrating well and have not had hematuria, IV hydration maybe discontinued after Hour 9 bolus of MESNA everyday. ONLY for patients with hematuria requiring dose adjustments of MESNA are required to be treated on a 24 hour schedule. Others can be treated when convenient. Treatment is given daily for 5 consecutive days. Total cumulative dose of ifosfamide for program generally should not exceed 72 g m there is an increased risk of Renal Fanconi Syndrome in children. DOSE MODIFICATIONS: If dose reduced, stay at reduced dose level for the rest of program. 1. Hematological: for treatment day counts reduce ALL drugs For the alternating program generally used in the primary treatment of Ewing's sarcoma, peripheral neuroectodermal tumour and rhabdomyosarcoma - NOTE different phase reductions A. During pre-XRT pre-operative phase: ANC x109 L ; 0.5 and or Platelets x109 L ; 100 70 Dose ifosfamide and etoposide ; Give 100% Delay for 1 week * G-CSF should be considered if dose delay is required because of neutropenia. Cancer patients during chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide carboplatin. Cancer Res., 52: 56225626, 1992. De Neve, W., Valeriote, F., Edelstein, M., Everett, C., and Bischoff, M. In vivo DNA cross-linking by cyclophosphamide: comparison of human chronic lymphatic leukemia cells with mouse L1210 leukemia and normal bone marrow cells. Cancer Res., 49: 34523456, 1989. Fairbairn, D. W., Olive, P. L., and O'Neill, K. L. The comet assay: a comprehensive review. Mutat. Res., 339: 3759, 1995. Spanswick, V. J., Hartley, J. M., Ward, T. H., and Hartley, J. A. Measurement of drug-induced DNA interstrand crosslinking using the single cell gel electrophoresis comet ; assay. In: R. Brown and U. Boger-Brown eds. ; , Cytotoxic Drug Resistance Mechanisms. Methods in Molecular Medicine Series. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, in press, 1999. 12. Olive, P. L., Banath, J. P., and Durand, R. E. Heterogeneity in radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in tumour and normal cells measured using the "comet" assay. Radiat. Res., 122: 86 94, Allen, L. M., and Creaven, P. J. In vitro activation of isophosphamide NSC-109724 ; , a new oxazaphosphorine, by rat liver microsomes. Cancer Chemother. Rep., 56: 603 610, Crook, T. R., Souhami, R. L., and McLean, A. E. M. Cytotoxicity, DNA cross-linking and single strand breaks induced by activated cyclophosphamide and acrolein in human leukemia cells. Cancer Res., 46: 5029 5034, Brock, N., Pohl, J., Stekar, J., and Scheef, W. Studies on the urotoxicity of oxazaphosphorine cytostatics and its prevention. III. Profile of action of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate Mesna ; . Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol., 18: 13771387, 1982. Boddy, A. V., Yule, S. M., Wyllie, R., Price, L., Pearson, A. D. J., and Idle, J. R. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide administered as a continuous infusion in children. Cancer Res., 53: 3758 3764, Singer, J. M., Hartley, J. M., Brennan, C., Nicholson, P. W., and Souhami, R. L. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide during bolus and infusional administration: a randomized cross-over study. Br. J. Cancer, 77: 978 984, Boddy, A. V., Yule, S. M., Wyllie, R., Price, L., Pearson, A. D. J., and Idle, J. R. Comparison of continuous infusion and bolus administration of ifosfamide in children. Eur. J. Cancer, 31: 785790, 1995. Olive, P. L., Vikse, C. M., and Banath, J. P. Use of the comet assay to identify cells sensitive to tirapazamine in multicell spheroids and tumors in mice. Cancer Res., 56: 4460 4463 and methimazole.

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MARCH BIRTHDAYS 1 Amy Dunn 2 Ralph Elliott 3 Mary Birx 7 Suzette Boulay 8 Amy Dickason 9 Al Davis 9 Alexander Szuba 10 Kenneth Cauthen 10 Kenneth Dodgson 10 Marian Morrison 13 Stephen Hyde 14 Erin Williams 15 Elizabeth Hotra 18 Jeff Lamberton 18 Beverly Reynolds 19 Skylar Dickason 19 Daryl Hunt 20 Brittany Pensgen 20 Richard Stahr 21 Jacob Richardson 21 Emma Trolley 22 Martha Lays 26 Preston Henderson 28 Charles Randall Want your special day listed? Please send you birthdays or anniversaries to Sherry Ellington, Administrative Assistant, M, W, & F at 585 ; 244-2468 or fbcsrose frontiernet Thank you to the congregation on your recent prayers following my automobile accident. I appreciate them very much. Nina Gritysua Morning Custodian Do you need to earn some money for your Committee, Organization or Mission Project? The Fellowship Committee is seeking individuals or groups to provide the meals for our First Wednesday Programs in April and May of 2008. This is a great opportunity to earn extra money for your favorite mission project or upcoming special event. You can provide the meal from scratch - with your group doing the shopping, preparing, serving, and clean-up or with the Fellowship Committee providing any level of support your group may need. If would like more information about the possibilities, please contact Gary Day at 377-4966 and mesna.
5. Pizzo P, Poplack D. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology. Fourth ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002. p. 256-9. 6. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH ; . Preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings. Cincinnati, Ohio: NIOSH - Publications Dissemination; 25 Mach 2004. p. 71-83. 7. Chabner BA, Longo DL. Cancer chemotherapy and biotherapy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p. 453-9. 8. Go R, Adjel A. Review of the comparative pharmacology and clinical activity of cisplatin and carboplatin. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17 1 ; : 409-22. 9. Nieto Y. DNA-binding agents. Cancer Chemotherapy & Biological Response Modifiers 2003; Annual 21: Chapter 8. 10. Cisplatin. USP DI. Volume 1. Drug information for the health care professional. 2Oth ed. Englewood, Colorado: Micromedex, Inc.; 2002. 11. Murry DJ. Comparative clinical pharmacology of cisplatin and carboplatin. Pharmacotherapy 1997; 17 5 Pt 2 ; 140S-5S. 12. Crom WR, Glynn-Barnhart AM, Rodman JH, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Anticancer Drugs in Children. Clin Pharmacokinet 1987; 12. 13. O'Dwyer P, Stevenson J, Johnson S. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Administration of Established Platinum Drugs. Drugs 2000 59 Suppl. 4: 19-27. 14. Repchinsky C, BSP. Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties; 2004. p. 431-2. 15. Belt RJ, Himmelstein KJ, Patton TF, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Non-Protein-Bound Platinum Species Following Adminisration of cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum II ; . Cancer Treat Rep 1979; 63 No. 9-10 ; : 1515-21. 16. McEvoy GK, editor. AHFS 1989 Drug Information. Bethesda, Maryland: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc.; 1989. p. 929-45. 17. Mayne Pharma Canada ; Inc. Cisplatin Product Monograph. 2003 date of revision. 18. Perry M, M.D. FACP. The Chemotherapy Source Book. In. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams & Wilkins; 1992. p. 405-9. 19. Christopher Lee, MD. Personal Communication. Medical Oncologist, BC Cancer Agency, Fraser Valley Cancer Centre 2005. 20. B.C. Cancer Agency Provincial Systemic Therapy Program. Provincial Systemic Therapy Program Policy III-20: Prevention and management of extravasation of chemotherapy. Vancouver, British Columbia: BC Cancer Agency; 1 February 2004. 21. B.C. Cancer Agency. SCNAUSEA Protocol Summary. Vancouver, British Columbia: BC Cancer Agency; May 1999. 22. BC Cancer Agency Genitourinary Tumour Systemic Policy Group. Administration of cisplatin in the outpatient setting. BC Cancer Agency; 8 June 2000. 23. Arthur R. Supportive care of children with cancer. 2nd ed. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press; 1997. 24. Balis FM, Holcenberg JS, Bleyer WA. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Commonly Used Anticancer Drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 1983; 8: 202-32. Basu R, Rajkumar A, Datta RN. Anaphylaxis to cisplatin following nine previous uncomplicated cycles. Int J Clin Oncol 2002; 7: 365-7. Wiernik P, Yeap B, Vogl S, et al. Hexamethylmelamine and low or moderate dose cisplatin with or without pyridoxine for treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma: a study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer Invest 1992; 10 1 ; : 1-9. 27. Trissel L. Handbook on Injectable Drugs. 12th ed. Bethesda MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2003. 28. Dorr RT, Von-Hoff DD. Drug monographs. In: Dorr R, Von-Hoff D, editors. Cancer chemotherapy handbook. 2nd ed. Norwalk, Conneticut: Appleton and Lange; 1994. p. 286-93. 29. BC Cancer Agency Gastrointestinal Tumour Group. BCCA Protocol summary for palliative chemotherapy for upper gastrointestinal tract cancer gastric, esophageal, gall bladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma ; using infusional fluorouracil and cisplatin. GIFUC ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2001. 30. BC Cancer Agency Head and Neck Tumour Group. BCCA Protocol summary for recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer using cisplatin and etoposide HNDE ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2004. 31. BC Cancer Agency Gynecology Tumour Group. BCCA Protocol summary for treatment for high risk gestational trophoblastic cancer GOTDHR ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2005. 32. BC Cancer Agency Genitourinary Tumour Group. BCCA Protocol summary for palliative therapy for urothelial carcinoma using cisplatin and gemcitabine GUAVPG ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2002. 33. BC Cancer Agency Genitourinary Tumour Group. BCCA protocol summary for neo-adjuvant therapy for urothelial carcinoma using cisplatin and gemcitabine UGUNAJPG ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2005. 34. BC Cancer Agency Genitorinary Tumour Group. BCCA Protocol summary for nonseminoma consolidation salvage protocol using etoposide, cisplatin, ifosfamide, mesna GUVIP2 ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2005. 35. BC Cancer Agency Lung Tumour Group. BCCA protocol summary for adjuvant cisplatin and etoposide following resection of stage I, II and IIIA non-small cell lung cancer LUAJEP ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2001. 36. BC Cancer Agency Lung Tumour Group. BCCA protocol summary for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with platinum and gemcitabine LUAVPG ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2005. 37. BC Cancer Agency Lung Tumour Group. BCCA protocol summary for first-time treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with cisplatin and docetaxel LUCISDOC ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2005. 38. BC Cancer Agency Gynecology Tumour Group. BCCa protocol summary for treatment of small cell carcinoma of cervix using paclitaxel, cisplatin, etoposide and carboplatin with radiation GOSMCC2 ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2002. 39. BC Cancer Agency Genitourinary Tumour Group. BCCA protocol summary for consolidation salvage treatment for germ cell carcinoma using vinblastine, cisplatin, ifosfamide and mesna GUVEIP ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2003. 40. BC Cancer Agency Genitourinary Tumour Group. BCCA protocol summary for therapy of genitourinary small cell tumours with a platin and etoposide GUSCPE ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2003. 41. BC Cancer Agency Head and Neck Tumour Group. BCCA Protocol summary for advanced head and neck cancer using cisplatin and fluorouracil HNFUP ; . Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 2005 and methocarbamol.

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Several drops of topical anaesthetic should be applied and the lower lacrimal punctum dilated with the blunt punctal dilator. The dilator should first be inserted vertically and then rotated through 90 degrees toward the nose, while the canaliculus is maintained stretched in a lateral direction so that the punctum and canaliculus are on a straight line1. After removal of the punctal dilator, any debris in the lacrimal sac can be cleared out with a syringe and saline. Contrast media is used to fill a syringe, eliminating any air bubbles. A lacrimal cannula can be attached directly to the syringe or to a catheter if fluoroscopy is to be performed. The lacrimal cannula is then introduced into the lower canalicular system in a similar manner to that of the punctal dilator. The contrast media is injected slowly and steadily. Excess dye should be wiped from the eyelids before radiographic imaging to prevent obscuring details. Various radiographic views have been used and all seem adequate for diagnosis. Anteroposterior, posteroanterior Caldwell ; , Waters, Riese and lateral projection can be used. The Caldwell view is the basic radiographic image, which shows the nasolacrimal drainage system optimally4. Magnification technique can help to improve detail15.

Twice with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline PBS ; containing 1 mM MgCl2 and 0.5 mM CaCl2 or with K depletion buffer and then incubated with 100 g ml sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin in PBS Ca2 Mg2 or K depletion buffer for 30 min at 4 C. The cells were washed twice with PBS Ca2 Mg2 and once with serum-free DMEM or with K depletion buffer at 4 C. Dishes were then incubated at 37 C placement on a rack in a water bath. For agonist activation, the medium was replaced with 37 C serum-free DMEM or K depletion buffer containing 100 M epinephrine for 5 min at 37 C control cells had their medium replaced with warm medium without agonist ; . The incubation was terminated by replacement of the 37 C medium with ice-cold DMEM or K depletion buffer. The culture dishes were returned to 4 C, washed twice with ice-cold PBS Ca2 Mg2 , and then incubated with 250 mM MESNA in PBS Ca2 Mg2 for two 20-min incubations to release surface-accessible biotinylating reagent via disulfide exchange. The cells were then washed twice with ice-cold serum-free DMEM, and the reducing effect of any residual MESNA was then quenched by incubation with 5 mg ml iodoacetamide in PBS Ca2 Mg2 for 20 min at 4 C. Biotinylated receptors resistant to MESNA reversal of biotinylation were defined as "inaccessible." To define total MESNA-accessible receptors on these cell lines, one 60-mm dish per experiment was treated with MESNA immediately following biotinylation at 4 C reveal the quantity of surface receptor biotinylation that MESNA can reverse efficiently. To isolate biotinylated 2-AR, cells were lysed in solubilization buffer 4 mg ml dodecyl D-maltoside Calbiochem ; , 0.8 mg ml cholesteryl hemisuccinate Sigma ; , 1 mg ml iodoacetamide Sigma ; , 20% glycerol, 25 mM glycyl glycine, 5 mM EDTA, 20 mM HEPES, pH 8.0, 0.1 M NaCl ; and homogenized by 5 up down passages through a 25-gauge needle. Cellular debris was removed by centrifugation in a microcentrifuge at 4 C for 1 h. The supernatant defined as the detergent-solubilized extract ; was incubated with streptavidin-agarose 80 l, 1: slurry ; for 1 h at room temperature. The pass-through was saved, and the beads were washed 3 times with a 1: 8 dilution of the solubilization buffer in "binding buffer" 25 mM glycyl glycine; 5 mM EDTA; 20 mM HEPES, pH 8.0; 0.1 M NaCl ; . Proteins were eluted from streptavidin-agarose in Laemmli buffer containing 15 g ml dithiothreitol. The entire eluate was separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with a 1: 1000 dilution in blocking buffer see above ; of HA.11 antibody from Babco to the HA-tagged 2-ARs. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated sheep anti-mouse secondary antibody Amersham Pharmacia Biotech ; was used at a 1 3000 dilution in blocking buffer. Reactive proteins were visualized by ECL Amersham Pharmacia Biotech ; . Bands were quantified by scanning and NIH Image software as described above. To calculate percent internalization, the intensity of the band in the lane where cells were immediately exposed to MESNA labeled 0 , 4 C ; subtracted as background from all other band intensities, and then the band intensity in the treated lanes "no epinephrine" or " epinephrine" after 5 min at 37 C ; divided by the "total" band intensity, and the result is multiplied by 100 and methotrexate.

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