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Part of the expert raters. Insert Tables 6a and 6b here There are some interesting differences between the ABB and Syntex cases on expert evaluations. For ABB, Report length was the only significant cue. For Syntex both cues -- the extent of De-anchoring and Report Length -- were highly significant, with the latter having considerably more influence 0.73 ; than the former 0.22 ; . Thus, the use of a DSS for Syntex leads to more deanchoring Table 4a ; and also shorter reports -0.36, Table 6b ; , leaving the net effect of DSS on Expert Ratings indeterminate, in spite of the fact that DSS Availability leads to higher Incremental Return Table 4a ; . In summary, our results support H1 regarding objective outcomes. When considering subjective outcomes, our results offer only mixed support for H1. Learning seems to be lower with DSS Availability in the case of ABB, but Satisfaction and Perceived Usefulness are higher with DSS Availability in the case of Syntex. And it appears that the main and biased ; cue that expert raters use to determine decision quality is the length of the report supporting the recommendation. The impact of DSSs on decision process variables H2 hypothesizes that a DSS will improve several elements of the decision process. As summarized in Table 2b, we measured five process variables. 1 ; Process Complexity. Overall, subjects perceived the Syntex case to be more complex than the ABB case 3.94 versus 3.55; F 21.8, p 0.00 ; . For both cases, the DSS Availability had a significant direct effect in reducing perceived process complexity Table 5 ; . 2 ; Cognitive Effort. Overall, subjects reported spending more effort on the ABB case than on the Syntex case 4.32 versus 4.12; F 12.9, p 0.00 ; . There were no direct effects of DSS Availability.
Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate ; model. Preliminary results by immunohistochemical analysis have shown the expression of LRAT, an enzyme responsible for retinol esterification and storage as retinyl esters, to be reduced in tumor tissue specimens from prostate cancer patients as compared to adjacent nonmalignant tissue. Understanding the role of retinoid signaling in prostate carcinogenesis will lead to improved chemoprevention strategies and to the development of novel therapies for this disease. #A45 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Inhibits Colitis-Associated Dysplasia in the Mouse Model of AOM DSS-Induced Colitis. Monique A. Gary, 1 Renata A. Coudry, 1 Harry S. Cooper, 1 Samuel Litwin, 1 Andrea C. Concha, 1 Ronald A. Lubet, 2 Margie L. Clapper.1 Fox Chase Cancer Center, 1 Philadelphia, PA, National Cancer Institute, 2 Bethesda, MD. Patients with ulcerative colitis UC ; remain at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer when compared to the general population, making this high-risk group an attractive target for chemopreventive intervention. While 5-aminosalicylic acid 5-ASA ; exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity and has proven an effective agent for inducing remission in patients with mild to moderate active UC, its definitive role in the chemoprevention of colitis-associated colorectal cancer is controversial and remains to be established. In this study, the effect of 5-ASA on colorectal carcinogenesis was evaluated in the Swiss Webster model of AOM DSS induced colitis. Female mice age 7 weeks ; were injected with azoxymethane AOM ; 7.4 mg kg i.p. ; and randomized into 4 treatment groups consisting of 25 animals each. Three groups received oral 5-ASA continuously throughout the study at 75, 150 and 225 mg kg body weight. The last group received AOM and DSS alone AOM DSS control ; . 5mM sodium phosphate pH 7 ; served as the vehicle for both 5-ASA and DSS. It should be noted that a dose of 150 mg kg body weight is comparable to the daily dose administered to colitis patients. DSS treatment began at 9 weeks of age and continued for three cycles with each cycle consisting of 7 days of 4% DSS in the drinking water followed by 14 days of untreated water. All animals were sacrificed at 18 weeks of age. The entire rectum and colon were excised, rinsed in saline and examined histopathologically. The multiplicity of dysplasias in all drug treated groups was decreased as compared to that of the AOM DSS controls. An inverse trend was observed between 5-ASA dose and tumor inhibition p 0.03 by Kruskal-Wallis test ; with tumor multiplicity reduced to 56% of AOM DSS controls in colitic animals receiving 75 mg kg 5-ASA mean SEM: 7.6 1.4 for AOM DSS 75mg kg 5-ASA, 10 1.7 for AOM DSS 150mg kg 5-ASA, 14.3 1.9 for AOM DSS 225mg kg 5-ASA, and 13.6 2.7 for AOM DSS control ; . This drug appears to have an overall specificity for flat dysplasias p 0.003 ; . Additional evaluation of pairwise comparisons using the Wilcoxon two-sample test revealed a highly significant difference between the multiplicity of flat lesions in animals administered 75 vs. 225 mg kg 5-ASA p 0.001 ; , as well as those receiving 75 mg kg 5-ASA vs. AOM DSS alone p 0.002 ; . This potential specificity for flat lesions is of great interest, since most DSS-induced cancers arise from flat dysplasias. These data suggest that 5-ASA, even at low doses, may be efficacious in preventing colitis-associated dysplasias and provide strong support for optimizing this therapy for prevention of colonic neoplasms in patients with UC. Supported by N01 CN-05121 ; . #A46 Metallothionein crypt-restricted immunopositivity indices MTCRII ; correlate with aberrant crypt foci ACF ; in mouse colon. Eilish T. Donnelly, 1 Margaret Hoper, 1 Helen Bardwell, 2 Geraldine A. Thomas, 2 Dillwyn Williams, 2 Paul Crowe, 1 David Phillips, 3 Stephen McCullough, 4 Wilson G. McCluggage, 4 Frederick C. Campbell.1 Dept of Surgery, Cancer Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, 1 Belfast, Northern Ireland, Strangeways research Laboratory, 2 Cambridge, England, Institute of Cancer Research, 3 Surrey, England, Queen's University of Belfast, 4 Belfast, N. Ireland. Introduction: Risk assessment of dietary chemical mixtures implicated in colorectal tumorigenesis is hampered by the lack of a mechanistically based predictive model. Metallothionein MT ; crypt-restricted immunopositivity indices MTCRII ; are somatic colonic crypt stem cell mutation biomarkers that may be detected within a relatively short interval of mutagen exposure. Aims: We test the hypothesis that MTCRII may provide the basis for a novel medium-term bioassay of tumourigenic potential of some diet-related chemical mixtures. Methods: Undegraded lambda carrageenan CgN ; and N-methyl-Nnitrosourea MNU ; were tested alone and in combination, against.

Kids are terrific -- happy, innocent, and free. They can remind us of what is best about ourselves. When they've been sexually abused, that happiness is dimmed, sometimes for life. With your help, more kids will get to grow up full of light and life.

Pic drugs and can obtain, without parental knowledge or consent, their medical records and outpatient diagnoses. Foster homes and foster parents must notify DHS by phone within one working day of administering any new prescription or medication to a foster child.15 In 2003, the legislature revised the statute dealing with psychotropic drug usage procedures for foster children. This was prompted by the death of a seven-year-old from an overdose of prescription antidepressants. DHS was required to develop rules for parental or guardian notification of the use of psychotropic medications in foster children, and to provide "timely" notice to the child's parent or guardian, their legal representative and the child's legal representative or court-appointed special advocate. This notice must include the name of the medication, the amount prescribed, the recommended dosage, the reason for the use of the drug, the efficacy of the medication and its side effects. The child's parent or guardian or their legal representative can file a petition with the juvenile court requesting a hearing to ascertain the appropriateness of the prescription as well as the amount of the drug being prescribed. In addition, the court can order an independent evaluation of the medication and its appropriateness for that child.16 After a child's death from an overdose of prescription antipsychotic drugs, the Washington Department of Social and Health Services DSHS ; formed county-level, 11member review teams to ensure that children on antipsychotic drugs are being cared for properly. In late 1997, the state adopted rules requiring that a foster child cannot be given prescription stimulants, sedatives or anti-depressants without the permission of a biological parent or a judge. In addition, children age 13 years and older that are mentally competent must consent to the administration of their own medication. In 2000, with the passage of the Substitute to House Bill SHB ; 2912, Washington State DSHS instituted a "child health passport" program for foster children. The health passport lists all pertinent medical information regarding the child, and travels with him or her to each placement and each new medical provider. The passport is intended to ensure that physicians serving foster children are informed about each child's previous medical and medication history. SHB 2912 required DSHS to provide the legislature with information on the number of foster children who have used or are using psychotropic drugs.18 This information prompted the 2005 legislature to approve SHB 2985, which created a medical team within DSHS specifically for foster children. The medical team within DSHS helps develop medical policies for foster children, and they help advise the state's Medicaid department on the special needs of foster children.19 According to Washington State DSHS staff, the Medicaid formulary for all children covered by Medicaid, including foster children will be changed. The formulary change, effective September 1, 2006, lists approved psychotropic drugs and includes dosage guidelines for any medication given to a child that is not on the formulary list or not given.

That respondent was unemployed and had filed for Social Security disability due to scoliosis and degenerative disc disease but had not yet been approved. R.E.H. also suffered from back injuries and received Social Security disability. DSS learned that respondent and echinacea. Be living with and caring for a child under age 19 including unborn children ; who is deprived of the support of at least one parent because of death, absence from the home, incapacity, or unemployment Be either the child's parent or a specified relative such as a grandparent, aunt, or uncle who is related by blood, marriage, or adoption ; Cooperate with the local Child Support Enforcement Agency in establishing paternity and medical support for all dependent children in the family Meet financial need requirements To be eligible as a child, a person must: Be under age 21 Meet financial need requirements Income Eligibility Certain deductions from gross income are allowed in determining a family's countable income. These include: Any Earned Income Tax Credit included in wages 27.5% of earned income. This deduction covers work-related expenses and expenses for childcare or adult day care. Note: if a family is unable to qualify for Work First because they make too much income, then DSS will evaluate their earnings using income deductions that used to be in effect under the old AFDC program. These include a deduction per wage earner for work-related expenses, and child care or adult care expenses of 0 for each child under age two and 5 for others ; . Court-ordered alimony or child support payments to someone outside the household Needs of any minor children who are not in the family up to certain maximums ; per month child support or military allotment The earned income of a child who is a student may be excluded. The earnings of full-time students are excluded regardless of whether they work full- or part-time, but the earnings of a part-time student are excluded only if he or she works parttime. In-kind shelter and utility contributions paid to the supplier.

Actual contact with minor pieces of wreckage. This provided a convenient, and at times very welcome, point of reference for exploration. The water at the wreck site proved to be remarkably clear, and although there was one lighting failure the resultant photography was excellent. Currents at the site are typically small, estimated at about a half-knot or less. Net sediment deposition in the sixty years since the sinking appears to be inconsequential, and is often absent entirely, amounting in most cases to a few millimeters of fine unconsolidated mud which was easily in fact usually accidentally -- blown away by the propulsors on the ROV. The edges of the slide scar remain exceedingly sharp and fresh looking, as if they were, literally, made yesterday. Some evidence of previous visits by a MIR expedition team, which visited the site shortly before we arrived, was also seen on the bottom. A memorial plaque had been placed on the after weather deck of Bismarck, and several gouges, identified by our ROV operators as skid marks caused when the MIR exploratory submarines apparently bottomed from time to time, were also observed on the sea-bed. A memorial plaque was placed by this expedition as well. The general condition of the Bismarck wreck is good. A substantial amount of paint adheres to various structures, although as in the case of USS Yorktown corrosion is heavy where fires have removed or damaged this protective coating. As fires were extensive, these corroded areas are extensive as well. The wreck is covered with large numbers of small circular or near-circular corrosion foci ranging from about 20mm to 250mm in diameter. In most cases it is difficult to tell whether these originate from age-related failures of the protective coating due to normal application variances or are due to localized damage due to the impact of shell fragments. "Rustsicle" formation is minimal. No significant pollution arising from fuel oil or any other contaminant was observed, and the marine ecosystem in the vicinity appeared entirely unaffected by the wreck. The main hull itself lies at a depth of approximately 4, 700 meters. A simplified plan of the debris field is given in Figure 9. A general plan of the main wreck itself is given in Figure 10. 9 and elidel.

It may seem premature to talk about drugs with preschoolers, but the attitudes and habits that they form at this age have an important bearing on the decisions they will make when they're older. At this early age, they are eager to know and memorize rules, and they want your opinion on what's "bad" and what's "good." Although they are old enough to understand that smoking is bad for them, they're not ready to take in complex facts about alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. Nevertheless, this is a good time to practice the decision-making and problem-solving skills that they will need to say "no" later on. Here are some ways to help your preschool children make good decisions about what should and should not go into their bodies: Discuss why children need to eat healthy food. Have your child name several favorite good foods and explain how these foods contribute to health and strength. Set aside regular times when you can give your son or daughter your full attention. Get on the floor and play with him; learn about her likes and dislikes; let him know that you love him; say that she's too wonderful and unique to do drugs. You'll build strong bonds of trust and affection that will make turning away from drugs easier in the years to come. Provide guidelines like playing fair, sharing toys, and telling the truth so children know what kind of behavior you expect from them. Encourage your child to follow instructions, and to ask questions if he does not understand the instructions. When your child becomes frustrated at play, use the opportunity to strengthen problem-solving skills. For example, if a tower of blocks keeps collapsing and eligard.

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1. DSS as a type of work system: Information systems, projects, value chains, and supply chains are special cases of work systems. In each case, human participants perform a business process using information, technology, and other resources to product products and services for internal and or external customers. What Sprague and Carlson [11] once called "specific DSS" might be viewed as a special type of information system, and an information system is a special type of work system in which the business process is limited to processing information. Sprague and Carlson contrasted "specific DSS" with "DSS generator" . "a package of related hardware and software which provides a set of capabilities to build a specific DSS." [15]. Notice the implication: If a DSS can be and eloxatin